To address the problems of traditional mal-operation prevention systems under the centralized control mode of Changqing Oilfield power grid, such as the lack of cross-substation interlocking, insufficient real-time performance of remote operations, and failure of mal-operation prevention under parallel multi-tasks, this study proposed and constructed a full-domain collaborative mal-operation prevention management system based on a three-layer architecture of "Control Center – Centralized Control Station – Substation". Employing the IEC 104 protocol, bidirectional interaction of remote signal and remote control between the dispatching system and the mal-operation prevention platform was realized, breaking the technical bottleneck of interlocking for remote operations. Practical applications demonstrated that the centralized mal-operation prevention system greatly improved the efficiency of switching operations and fault handling and significantly reduced mal-operation risks. This system provides technical support for the centralized and safe operation of the oilfield power grid.

The late-stage development of super-heavy oil cyclic steam stimulation is typically confronted with adverse conditions including low formation pressure, a high proportion of low-efficiency wells and severe steam channeling. Although non-hydrocarbon gas-assisted cyclic steam stimulation can significantly enhance oil production, it still entails multiple safety and environmental risks, such as low-temperature freeze plugging, high-pressure jet leakage, mild acid corrosion and potential well control hazards. To mitigate the above risks, a whole-life-cycle safety protection system was established in this study. In terms of safety management, the field management regulations were improved, a full-staff responsibility list was implemented, and classified and customized professional training was systematically carried out. In the technical demonstration and design stage, a four-level verification mechanism was formulated to optimize well selection considering treatment cycles, reservoir conditions and production parameters, while multi-model simulation methods were adopted to optimize injection parameters. For on-site process control, a multi-party collaborative management mechanism was constructed. A standardized supervision mode featuring information collection, dual inspection, dual monitoring and triple verification was implemented, with standardized operation procedures and digital supervision technologies fully applied. The proposed system effectively eliminates core operational risks and realizes coordinated improvement in safety and production efficiency, providing technical support for the large-scale and safe application of the technology.

The catalyst regeneration control system (CRCS) of the continuous reforming unit of Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shanghai Petrochemical) adopts the UOP CycleMax process. Shanghai Petrochemical has two continuous reforming units, whose original control systems were both of foreign brands, and both systems had problems such as closed control programs and reliance on imported spare parts, resulting in high operation and maintenance costs, great safety risks, and limited technical upgrading. To achieve independent and controllable core control technology, Shanghai Petrochemical carried out localization revamp of the CRCS of the two continuous reforming units, adopting a brand-new Tricon system to replace the original protection PES and the Consen TSxPlus system to replace the original control PES. During the revamp, the UOP regeneration process logic was fully retained, and functional upgrades were realized, including open control programs, a Chinese-language operation interface, and batch management of valve line parameters. After the revamp, the protection PES has passed the SIL3 functional safety certification, the TSxPlus system has passed dual international information security certifications, the scan time is no more than 100 ms, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced by 35%~45%, and both the differential pressure mode and the ramp mode can be put into normal operation, which significantly improves the safety, stability, and operation and maintenance convenience of the unit. The background, scheme design, implementation process, and effect analysis of the revamp are introduced in detail, providing a reference for the localization revamp of CRCS in similar units.

A certain chemical plant is equipped with three 75t/h circulating fluidized bed boilers. These boilers have significant advantages in fuel adaptability, combustion efficiency, environmental protection performance and utilization of ash and slag. However, due to their unique combustion mechanism and oil gun ignition method, the accident risk during the startup stage of these boilers is markedly higher than that of conventional types. This paper mainly analyzes the common coking accidents and furnace explosion accidents during the startup of circulating fluidized bed boilers, and elaborates on how to prevent the occurrence of these accidents. The aim is to enable timely detection of problems in future work and to handle accidents safely and smoothly.

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of fire accident causes at liquid chemical terminals. The ALOHA model is used for quantitative assessment of potential fire hazards during styrene loading and unloading operations at a specific chemical terminal. The results show that under adverse meteorological conditions, if styrene leakage at the terminal triggers a fire and explosion, the thermal radiation impact radius reaches 53 m at 10 kW/(m2), extends to 68 m at 5 kW/(m2), and attains 97 m at 2 kW/(m2). On this basis, this study investigates the design of fire protection systems and technical safety measures for liquid chemical terminals, with the objective of improving their overall safety performance.

Against the backdrop of China's national "dual carbon" strategic goals, developing eco-friendly high-performance coatings is an important approach to reducing carbon emissions and environmental pollution. Traditional alkyd resin coatings face issues such as high VOCS emissions and flammability. Therefore, how to provide green coating solutions for petrochemical industry and support sustainable development goals has become a key research focus in this field. To address this issue, this study developed a novel bio-based high-flash-point alkyd enamel by modifying the resin with nanoparticles and evaluated its salt resistance performance. The results indicate that this enamel exhibits excellent performance, with its flash point reaching 63°C, and its pollutant indicators including VOCS, benzene, toluene and xylene all outperform the requirements of relevant national standards. It shows no abnormality after 200 h of salt water resistance, and its salt spray resistance can reach up to 250 h, demonstrating good corrosion resistance.

This paper elaborates on the main causes of hazardous chemical pipeline leakage in the common corridor in chemical industry parks. It analyzes how specific factors, including the wide variety of hazardous chemicals, long pipelines, and numerous users in the common corridors, lead to disposal drawbacks such as the lack of visual information, delayed traceability and positioning, lengthy linkage and coordination processes, and insufficient information integration. Combined with the application of technologies covering monitoring and early warning, leakage imaging and system platforms, a series of data-empowered measures are proposed. The research is of great significance for ensuring the safe operation of pipelines and preventing secondary accidents such as fire and explosion, and provides certain reference value for the prevention and disposal of hazardous chemical pipeline leakage within process units or inter-plant of large-scale refining and chemical enterprises.

Taking the practice of green enterprise development of CNPC Jichai Chengdu Compressor Co., Ltd. as an example, this paper systematically analyzes the paths and outcomes of equipment manufacturing enterprises in green transition. Based on the green enterprise evaluation standard of Sichuan Province, the enterprise was finally selected as the "green enterprise" of Sichuan Province through building green development system, implementing clean production technology transformation, developing low carbon equipment such as CCUS compressor and hydrogen compressor unit, and integrating green culture cultivation. The research identified challenges such as the insufficient coordination of the green industrial chain and room for improvement in the intelligent level. It is suggested to promote high-quality development by jointly building green supply chains, strengthening digital and intelligent applications, and deepening technological integration, so as to provide practical references for the green transformation of the manufacturing industry.

This paper focuses on the safety management system of petrochemical enterprises, and analyzes its importance and various challenges. By sorting out basic concepts and carrying out in-depth analysis combined with the inherent characteristics of the petrochemical industry and existing relevant systems, the paper reveals loopholes and deficiencies within the system, and explores the specific causes of these problems from institutional, technical and human dimensions. On this basis, the paper further proposes corresponding optimization objectives and principles, and develops a series of specific measures to effectively improve the overall safety management performance of petrochemical enterprises.

Oilfield enterprises operate a large number of oil and gas stations. The crude oil tank farms at some stations are hazardous chemical major hazard installations. Since major hazard installations carry high hazard energy, and on-site management personnel do not fully master emergency management knowledge related to major hazard installations, potential safety risks exist in emergency management. This paper conducts a quantitative analysis of the impact range of pool fires occurring in oil storage tank areas of major hazard installations, identifies and analyzes the existing problems in emergency management of major hazard installations, and puts forward targeted countermeasures. The findings can provide a reference for oilfield enterprises to carry out emergency management at oil and gas stations with major hazard installations.

Storage and transportation tank farms constitute an indispensable link in the production and operation of refining and chemical enterprises. Most tanks within these tank farms are atmospheric storage tanks that contain various hazardous chemicals, leading to high operational risks. Storage tank accidents are among the major accident types in refining and chemical enterprises. This paper systematically summarizes accidents and incidents of atmospheric storage tanks during production, operation and process operation in petroleum refining and chemical enterprises in recent years. It analyzes failure causes and categorizes failure modes. Combined with national standards, industry codes and work safety operating procedures, this paper identifies key operational links and control measures for the production, operation and process operation of atmospheric storage tanks in oil tank farms. This study aims to improve safety management performance and guarantee the safe operation of oil tank farms.

In view of the complexity and high risk of emergency evacuation on drilling platforms, an emergency evacuation analysis model based on Bayesian networks is constructed. Twenty influencing factors are identified from four dimensions: personnel, equipment, environment, and organization. The prior probability is determined by integrating expert experience via fuzzy numbers, and the conditional probability is estimated using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. The results show that the success probability of emergency evacuation under static conditions is 87.34%. However, reverse reasoning indicates that incomplete evacuation procedures, insufficient equipment operation proficiency, and poor performance of personal rescue equipment are key risk factors. As time elapses, the success probability exhibits an exponential growth trend, rising from initial 0.8734 to 0.9654, which reflects the effectiveness of the emergency response mechanism. The findings provide quantitative analysis tools and risk prevention and mitigation strategies for emergency management of drilling platforms.

The accident impact range at shallow shale gas well sites differs from that of conventional gas wells. Focusing on three accident scenarios likely to occur at shallow shale gas well sites, this paper conducts simulations of wellhead leakage, pool fire blowout and storage tank leakage using DNV GL PHAST 8.22. It investigates the variation laws of thermal radiation and shock waves induced by different leakage conditions under various wind speeds and obtains the accident impact range under different working conditions. Meanwhile, critical damage values for structures, facilities and equipment, and the environment are analyzed. Combined with the impact range of worst-case accident consequences, the safety distance for shallow shale gas well sites is determined.

Domino effect analysis is one of the key components of the overall safety risk assessment for chemical parks. Combined with the regional quantitative risk assessment results of major hazard installations obtained by CASST-QRA, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of the domino impact range induced by explosion shock waves after the leakage of different types of equipment (facilities). A quantitative risk assessment method for the domino effect under credible accident scenarios is proposed. This approach addresses the problem of superimposed safety risks arising from the domino effect in chemical parks, and provides practical experience and an important reference for overall safety risk control and safety performance improvement in chemical parks.

To obtain the overall corrosion degree of tank bottom plates and reduce the cost of magnetic flux leakage detection, a calculation model for the corrosion rate of tank bottom plates based on the Weibull extreme-value distribution is constructed. Characteristic parameters are estimated using the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) method. Return period theory is introduced to realize extrapolation from sample extremes to population extremes, thereby predicting the minimum thickness and calculating the corrosion rate. The results show that the estimated corrosion rates of the middle plates and annular plates are 0.314 mm/a and 0.307 mm/a respectively; the predicted minimum thicknesses are all smaller than the minimum values from ultrasonic thickness measurement samples, demonstrating the conservatism of extreme-value extrapolation; the relative error between model predictions and magnetic flux leakage detection results ranges from -3.39% to 9.14%; the risk level of the tank bottom plates is medium to high; the traditional uniform corrosion evaluation method underestimates the actual corrosion risk. The findings can provide technical support for optimizing inspection strategies and rationally allocating inspection resources.

To address inherent limitations of traditional HAZOP analysis for hydrogenation processes, such as difficulties in precisely quantifying the relative importance during risk grading, this study integrates three mature decision-making and mathematical tools — the Delphi method, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) — on the basis of HAZOP analysis to construct a refined comprehensive safety assessment model. The HAZOP analysis findings are systematically extracted and summarized to form evaluation indicators, and an AHP evaluation indicator system is established. Triangular fuzzy numbers and the Delphi method are adopted to determine the occurrence probability and consequence severity at each specific indicator layer. By constructing a fuzzy judgment matrix and calculating risk weights, the approach achieves the transition from standalone qualitative HAZOP analysis to comprehensive quantitative assessment. This provides a new implementation pathway for dynamic safety assessment that can handle uncertainty in hydrogenation processes.

Electrical fires in the early stage of ignition are often characterized by concealment, slow development cycles and high hazard. It is particularly important to find suitable early warning methods to effectively and accurately prevent electrical fires. This paper introduces the causes of electrical fires and the differences between electrical fire early warning and traditional fire early warning. It elaborates on the research status of three electrical fire early warning methods: very early fire detecting system, multi-sensor information fusion and artificial neural networks. The study focuses on the electrical equipment in substations for fire early warning analysis, providing feasible research ideas and methods for the construction of integrated fire warning system for substations.

Oil and gas field flaring emits large quantities of greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide) and pollutants (black carbon, volatile organic compounds, etc.), exerting significant impacts on the environment and climate. Conventional ground-based monitoring methods are subject to limitations such as high costs, limited spatial coverage and inadequate temporal sampling rates?. In recent years, satellite remote sensing technology has emerged as an effective tool for monitoring flaring due to its advantages of wide coverage, high frequency and low cost. This study integrates multi-source remote sensing data from VIIRS, Gaofen-5, and Gaofen-2 to establish an integrated workflow of “initial screening, localization and validation”, enabling identification and spatial positioning of flaring points. The results showed that the remote sensing monitoring results exhibited high consistency with ground-based measurements.

To address the issue that oilfield heavy oil wastewater cannot meet water quality requirements when reused as boiler feedwater, research on hardness removal technology for such wastewater reuse for boilers was carried out. By analyzing the water quality characteristics of oilfield heavy oil wastewater and the limitations of conventional hardness removal processes, a hardness removal process consisting of "enhanced pretreatment + chemical pre-softening + ion exchange" is proposed. Experimental verification shows that this process exhibits remarkable advantages in improving hardness removal efficiency and reducing water hardness. It provides reliable technical support for the reuse of heavy oil wastewater as boiler feedwater and helps promote the sustainable development of oilfields.