Abstract: To address inherent limitations of traditional HAZOP analysis for hydrogenation processes, such as difficulties in precisely quantifying the relative importance during risk grading, this study integrates three mature decision-making and mathematical tools — the Delphi method, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) — on the basis of HAZOP analysis to construct a refined comprehensive safety assessment model. The HAZOP analysis findings are systematically extracted and summarized to form evaluation indicators, and an AHP evaluation indicator system is established. Triangular fuzzy numbers and the Delphi method are adopted to determine the occurrence probability and consequence severity at each specific indicator layer. By constructing a fuzzy judgment matrix and calculating risk weights, the approach achieves the transition from standalone qualitative HAZOP analysis to comprehensive quantitative assessment. This provides a new implementation pathway for dynamic safety assessment that can handle uncertainty in hydrogenation processes.

Key words: hydrogenation process, hazard and operability (HAZOP), triangular fuzzy number, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Delphi method, safety assessment