石油化工安全环保技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 44-49.

• 防火防爆 • 上一篇    

大型储罐风险因素识别与火灾爆炸模拟分析

石建成1,杨玉锋1,张强1,程可心1,段宇航2   

  1. 1. 国家管网集团科学技术研究总院分公司,天津 300450 ;
    2. 国家管网集团工程技术创新有限公司,天津 300457
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-26 接受日期:2025-03-15 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-05-08
  • 作者简介:石建成,男, 2023 年硕士毕业于中国石油大学(北京),专业安全科学与工程,主要从事油气储运设施风险评价,助理工程师。电话: 18222825661,E-mail:shijc02@pipechina.com.cn

Identification of Risk Factors of Large Storage Tanks and Simulation Analysis of Fire and Explosion

Shi Jiancheng1, Yang Yufeng1, Zhang Qiang1, Cheng Kexin1, Duan Yuhang2   

  1. 1. PipeChina Institute of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300450;
    2. PipeChina Engineering technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300457
  • Received:2024-11-26 Accepted:2025-03-15 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-05-08

摘要: 为提高储罐的安全运行及管理,分析了 183 例国内外储罐典型失效案例,针对储罐火灾爆炸事故的问题,基于案例收集与作业区现场生产特点,分别采用事故树和 EFFECTS 进行定性与定量分析。结果表明:在给定的参数下,火灾热辐射伤害范围随着泄漏孔径及环境风速的增大而增大,而超压冲击波伤害范围与泄漏孔径成正比,与环境风速成反比。相同风速下, 75mm 泄漏孔径比 25mm 泄漏孔径造成超压冲击波的安全距离增大约 2.6 倍; 75mm 泄漏孔径的热辐射死亡半径是 25mm 泄漏孔径的 1.2 倍,影响储罐火灾爆炸的最主要因素是泄漏孔径。

关键词: 大型储罐, 风险因素识别, 事故树, EFFECTS, 火灾爆炸模拟分析

Abstract: In order to improve the safe operation and management of storage tanks, 183 typical failure cases of storage tanks at home and abroad were analyzed. Aiming at the problems of fire and explosion accidents of storage tanks and based on the case collection and the on-site production characteristics of the operation area, the fault tree analysis and EFFECTS analysis were respectively carried out for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results show that: under the given parameters, the damage range of fire thermal radiation increases with the increase of the leakage aperture and the environmental wind speed, while the damage range of the overpressure shock wave is proportional to the leakage aperture and inversely proportional to the environmental wind speed. Under the same wind speed, the safe distance of the overpressure shock wave caused by a leakage aperture of 75mm is about 2.6 times larger than that caused by a leakage aperture of 25mm; the thermal radiation death radius of a leakage aperture of 75mm is 1.2 times that of a leakage aperture of 25mm. The most important factor affecting the fire and explosion of storage tanks is the leakage aperture.

Key words: large storage tank, risk factor identification, accident tree, EFFECTS, fire and explosion simulation analysis